<mohammadrony>

Disk Storage Management

Make changes by Gparted

  1. Attach bootable Ubuntu device
  2. Boot to new Ubuntu
  3. Open Gparted
  4. Modify a partition or a disk
  5. Save new changes
  6. Reboot system

Disk Information

SSD check

  • HDD for 1
  • SSD for 0
lsblk -d -o name,rota
cat /sys/block/sdX/queue/rotational

Disks and mountpoints

findmnt

ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid

blkid

sudo dumpe2fs /dev/sdX | grep UUID

List block device

lsblk -f | grep -v loop

lsblk -o PATH,SIZE,RO,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT,UUID,MODEL,PARTUUID | grep -v loop

List attached hardware

hwinfo --all
hwinfo --all --short

hwinfo --disk --short

sudo lshw -class disk

duf

Mount volumes in ext4 partition

Create or format the device (WIPE ALL PREVIOUS DATA)

sudo fdisk /dev/sdX
> Press 'g' to create gpt formated
> Press 'n' to create new partition
> Enter partition table information
> Press 'w' to save partition table

sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdX1

Mount ext4 formatted device

sudo mkdir /mnt/foo
sudo mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt/foo -t ext4

Mount storage device on startup

sudo vi /etc/fstab

# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>         <dump>  <pass>
UUID=<uuid>     /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
UUID=<uuid>     /boot/efi       vfat    umask=0077        0       1
/dev/sdX1       /mnt/foo        ext4    defaults          0       2
/swapfile       none            swap    sw                0       0
...
...

Setup Swap memory

Online Article

Check swap status

sudo swapon --show
free -h

Create swapfile

sudo fallocate -l 1G /swapfile
sudo chmod 600 /swapfile
ls -lh /swapfile

Mark the file as swap space

sudo mkswap /swapfile
sudo swapon /swapfile
sudo swapon --show

Create permanent entry in fstab

sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak
echo '/swapfile none swap sw 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab

free -h

Additional settings

cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness
cat /proc/sys/vm/vfs_cache_pressure

sudo sysctl vm.swappiness=30
sudo sysctl vm.vfs_cache_pressure=50

sudo vi /etc/sysctl.conf

# Add
vm.swappiness=30
vm.vfs_cache_pressure=50

cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness
cat /proc/sys/vm/vfs_cache_pressure